Bladder and kidney stones are well-known risk factors for UTIs and evolve through two mechanisms; infection stones caused by urease-producing gram-negative organisms and metabolic stones that passively trap bacteria from coexistent UTIs.^1,2

What do we know from the evidence?

By clinical experience, stones may stimulate bladder overactivity and increase the pressure inside the bladder, related to recurrent UTI’s.³

In very rare occasion a foreign body, e.g. a hair, inserted through catheterisation, provides the basis for stone formation.³