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Urine Types

Clear/normal urine

Contains sediments up to 200μm (crystals, proteins, cells). Micro-hole Zone Technology catheters are able to drain clear urine efficiently.1

Cloudy urine*

Contains sediments up to 200μm (crystals, proteins, cells) but higher quantity compared to clear urine. Micro-hole Zone Technology catheters are able to drain cloudy urine efficiently1,.2

*Cloudy urine appears not-transparent when placed in front of a light source (Dr. Giovani Fogazzi; personal communication)

Cloudy urine* with many visible particles & debris

Contains sediments and large particles visible to the naked eye (such as bigger particles,  mucus, debris). Micro-hole Zone Technology catheters should be applied with caution if patients are producing urine with many particles clearly distinguishable to the naked eye.1,2

*Cloudy urine appears not-transparent when placed in front of a light source (Dr. Giovani Fogazzi; personal communication)

Analysis of sediment in normal urine 1

  • Urine was collected as part of 3 exploratory pre-clinical studies.2 
  • Each subject was catheterised both with conventional eyelet catheter and Micro-hole Zone catheter prototypes.  
  • The samples were collected with minimum 3 days interval.2 
  • The number, size and type of sediment was analysed via automated microscopy.2

Results

For all subjects there was no statistical difference in the ability of draining sediments between Micro-hole Zone Technology catheters and conventional eyelet catheters. The Micro-hole Zone Catheter additionally drained sediment of larger size.3

Analysis of cloudy urine -/+ visible particles

samples of complicated/cloudy urine were collected from Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. Denmark to test capabilities of the Micro-hole Zone Technology catheter.1,

The urine samples were placed in a drainage cup and the ability of  both Micro-hole Zone Technology catheters and conventional eyelet catheters to drain the urine samples was tested.1,

Results

  • Both Micro-hole Zone Technology catheters and conventional eyelet catheters could drain cloudy urine1

 The Micro-hole Zone Technology catheter should be applied with caution if the patient produces urine with many particles clearly distinguishable to the naked eye, as it may lead to transient urine retention.1

Conclusion

Micro-hole Zone Technology catheters can efficiently drain clear urine and cloudy urine without visible particles, but they should be applied with caution if a patient produces urine with many clearly distinguishable particles.1,2

Ability of new Micro-hole Zone catheters to drain sediment compared to conventional eyelet catheters

Ability of new Micro-hole Zone catheters to drain sediment compared to conventional eyelet catheters

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